Sally, a 13-year-old      teenager, is tired of having her mom nag her about her bedroom

Decide which of the following concepts are most applicable to each scenario: differential reinforcement of other behavior, avoidance contingency, punishment by prevention of reinforcer, punishment by loss of reinforcer, or avoidance of loss.

Defend your answer 175 words each, using citations as needed.

1. Sally, a 13-year-old      teenager, is tired of having her mom nag her about her bedroom. Her mom nags      about the clothes on the floor, the bed being unmade, and the trashcan spilling      over in her bathroom.  Sally comes      home from school in a bad mood and the last thing she wants to hear is her      mom’s nagging voice. To get around the expected response from her mom, she      cleans her room, makes her bed, and empties her trashcan.
2. Sally makes the 7th-grade      track team by finishing before another girl by less than 0.05 seconds in      her event—the 400 meter relay.  Sally is proud of making the team but needs      to work harder in the practices that follow. The first track meet does not      go well. Out of the four girls on the relay team, she has the slowest time,      so her track coach removes her from the team, and makes her sit as an      alternate.
3. In the weeks that follow      being pulled from the track team, Sally listens to her coach’s direction      and works hard to qualify for the next meet. Running her fastest time      ever, Sally is excited when she qualifies to run the relay for the third track      meet. Now that she has earned her spot on the team, she continues to work      hard every week to keep her place.
4. Chad is a 45-year-old man      going back to school while working full time. A self-proclaimed      procrastinator, his job as a computer programmer can handle his laid back      style and ever-changing deadlines.  In school, however, he is having difficulty      turning his homework in on time. The teacher has told him that success is      impossible if he does not turn his papers in on time, yet he fails to do      so week after week.
5. Chad continues to stay in      school and is a B-minus student due to the procrastination aspect of his      work ethic. He has been complaining lately about school and thinking about      withdrawing. His comments about the teacher, the class, the work and his      grades are starting to get annoying so his mom decides to only reinforce      his verbal behavior every 5 minutes he talks to her without making a      negative comment about school.